| ETH Deep profile | No freeze key | No issuer. No party can freeze or seize it on-chain. |
| WETH Deep profile | No freeze key | Wrapped ETH. Immutable contract, no admin key, no blocklist. |
| STETH Deep profile | No freeze key | Staked ETH via Lido. No blocklist, though the withdrawal path depends on Lido governance and validator behaviour. |
| WSTETH Deep profile | No freeze key | Wrapped staked ETH. Same profile as STETH. |
| WBTC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Bitcoin exposure, but WBTC is a custodial IOU: BitGo holds the underlying and can be compelled. Not sovereign despite tracking BTC. |
| CBBTC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Coinbase-issued Bitcoin wrapper. Coinbase holds the underlying BTC and can freeze the token. |
| RSETH Deep profile | No freeze key | Kelp restaked ETH. No issuer freeze, but its LayerZero bridge was forged on 2026-04-18 to mint ~116,500 unbacked tokens: the bridge, not the staking, was the security model that failed. Protocol rejected. |
| SOL Deep profile | No freeze key | Solana native asset. No issuer, no freeze, but chain-level liveness history differs materially from Ethereum. |
| RETH Deep profile | No freeze key | Rocket Pool staked ETH. Permissionless validator set across 3,000+ independent operators: the most decentralised liquid staking option. Reward-bearing: your balance stays constant while its ETH value grows. |
| WEETH Deep profile | No freeze key | ether.fi restaked ETH. No issuer freeze, but the stake is re-pledged to EigenLayer AVSs that can slash it: sovereign in custody, novel in risk. Protocol rejected; see registry. |
| WBETH Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Binance Staked ETH. An exchange IOU: Binance holds the underlying stake and controls the token. On-chain in form only. |
| LSETH | No freeze key | Liquid Collective staked ETH. No token blocklist; withdrawals and validator operations depend on its permissioned operator set. |
| METH | No freeze key | Mantle staked ETH on Ethereum. No token blocklist; Mantle governance controls the staking protocol. |
| STEAKUSDC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Steakhouse-curated Morpho USDC vault share. The underlying is USDC, freezable by Circle, plus curator discretion on market selection. See the Morpho memo. |
| SYRUPUSDC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Maple undercollateralised credit, wrapped. Yield is compensation for borrower default risk; Maple lenders took ~80% losses in the 2022 Orthogonal default. Rejected including via this wrapper. |
| SYRUPUSDT Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | As SYRUPUSDC: Maple credit exposure in wrapper form. Rejected. |
| LUSD Deep profile | No freeze key | Liquity. Immutable contracts, no governance, no admin key, no blocklist: the most censorship-resistant stablecoin that exists. But supply has contracted from a ~$1.5B peak to roughly $30M, so it is not usable at client size. Sovereignty and availability are separate questions, and this is the clearest case where they diverge. |
| MSOL Deep profile | No freeze key | Marinade staked SOL. Stake spread algorithmically across 400+ validators: the most anti-concentration delegation strategy on Solana. |
| JITOSOL Deep profile | No freeze key | Jito staked SOL. Highest yield via MEV capture and deepest liquidity, but delegates preferentially to validators running the Jito client, which already holds >95% of Solana stake. |
| INF Deep profile | No freeze key | Sanctum Infinity. A basket of Solana LSTs: you inherit the weakest constituent rather than choosing the strongest. |
| GHO Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | GHO is backed by on-chain collateral. Aave governance can change its parameters, but it cannot freeze an address. |
| SGHO Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | Staked GHO. Same backing as GHO, earning the Aave savings rate. |
| CRVUSD Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | Curve-native, overcollateralised by on-chain assets. Governance-managed, no blocklist. |
| DAI Deep profile | Mixed control | Originally crypto-backed, now substantially backed by real-world assets and USDC held with custodians. Materially less censorship-resistant than it once was. |
| SDAI Deep profile | Mixed control | Savings DAI. Inherits DAI backing, including its real-world asset exposure. |
| USDS Deep profile | Mixed control | Sky/Maker successor to DAI. Reserve mix includes real-world assets held by custodians who can be compelled. |
| SUSDS Deep profile | Mixed control | Savings USDS. Inherits the USDS reserve mix. |
| SFRXUSD | Issuer can freeze | Savings frxUSD. Inherits frxUSD reserves and governance, with a yield-bearing vault on top. |
| USDC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Issued by Circle, backed by bank deposits and T-bills. Circle can and does freeze addresses on request from law enforcement. |
| USDT Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Issued by Tether. Has frozen addresses on request. Reserve composition is less transparently attested than USDC. |
| USDT0 Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Omnichain USDT. Inherits Tether issuer control. |
| PYUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | PayPal-issued, administered by Paxos. Freezable. |
| USDG Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Paxos-issued Global Dollar. Freezable. |
| RLUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Ripple-issued. Freezable. |
| EURC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Circle-issued euro stablecoin. Same freeze capability as USDC. |
| FRXUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Frax USD. Reserve-backed with centralised components. |
| BUIDL Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | BlackRock USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund. Short-term Treasuries, redeems through BlackRock/Securitize. Freezable and permissioned. |
| USYC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Circle-issued tokenised Treasury yield. Same issuer control as USDC, with fund-level redemption terms on top. |
| OUSG Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Ondo Short-Term US Government Treasuries. Permissioned transfer, redeems through Ondo. |
| USTB Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Superstate/Invesco short-duration Treasury fund. Registered transfer agent controls the holder list. |
| USCC Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Bitwise cash-and-carry fund. Basis trade held at centralised venues, wrapped as a token. |
| STCUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Cap tokenised dollar yield product. Issuer-redeemed. |
| VBILL Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | VanEck tokenised T-bill fund. Permissioned. |
| JAAA Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Janus Henderson AAA CLO exposure, tokenised. Credit risk plus issuer control, not a cash equivalent despite the rating. |
| JTRSY Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Centrifuge tokenised Treasury exposure. |
| MGLOBAL Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Tokenised global credit fund. Permissioned, issuer-redeemed. |
| STAC | Issuer can freeze | Securitize tokenised AAA CLO fund. Permissioned structured-credit exposure, not a Treasury fund. |
| TBILL | Issuer can freeze | OpenEden BVI professional fund holding Treasury bills. A KYC manager gates every wallet; operators can burn and re-issue; the contract is upgradeable by its owner. |
| MTBILL | Issuer can freeze | Midas mTBILL, a Liechtenstein-law secured note tracking short U.S. Treasury bills. Not offered to U.S. persons; a blacklist role can freeze a holder, operators can pause and burn, and the contract is upgradeable. |
| USTBL | Issuer can freeze | Spiko US T-Bills Money Market Fund, an AMF-authorized UCITS sub-fund. Not offered to U.S. persons; operators can pause and burn, and the contract is upgradeable by a super-admin multisig. |
| EUTBL | Issuer can freeze | Spiko EU T-Bills Money Market Fund, an AMF-authorized UCITS sub-fund holding euro-area bills. Same contract and controls as USTBL. |
| WTGXX | Issuer can freeze | WisdomTree Government Money Market Digital Fund, a registered mutual fund. The transfer agent keeps the Official Record; the token can be frozen, clawed back, and paused by role. |
| XAUT Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Tether Gold. A claim on vaulted bullion: Tether holds the metal and controls the token. |
| PAXG Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Paxos Gold. Allocated London bullion held by Paxos, who can freeze the token. |
| USDE Deep profile | Mixed control | Ethena synthetic dollar. Backing is a perp short position held at centralised exchanges: venue risk, not issuer freeze risk, but seizable all the same. |
| SUSDE Deep profile | Mixed control | Staked USDe. Inherits the exchange venue exposure. |
| USD1 Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | BitGo issues USD1 for World Liberty Financial, holds the reserve, and can freeze, seize, destroy, or upgrade tokens under the USD1 Terms. |
| USDY Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Ondo administers this yield-bearing note, including its upgradeable token, allowlist, blocklist, sanctions checks, reserve custody, and redemption process. |
| USDD Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | USDD 2.0 is overcollateralized on-chain and has no conventional holder blocklist, but TRON-linked governance selects collateral, parameters, and supported deployments. |
| U Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | United Stables Limited controls eligible reserves, direct minting and redemption, and may satisfy redemptions in cash or stablecoins at its discretion; secondary holders have no direct redemption right. |
| USDGO Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Anchorage Digital Bank issues and redeems USDGO while OSL distributes it; holders depend on the bank-managed reserve and the issuer's compliance controls. |
| USDf Deep profile | Mixed control | Falcon manages USDf collateral and active yield strategies, applies a seven-day redemption cooldown, and can screen or refuse redemptions; the token is not a passive cash reserve. |
| YLDS Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Figure Certificate Company issues YLDS as an SEC-registered, yield-bearing security; the legal issuer, prospectus, transfer controls, and $1 redemption framework govern the claim. |
| USD0 Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Usual DAO controls an upgradeable and pausable token with blacklist checks; backing consists of tokenized sovereign instruments whose issuers and custodians remain additional controllers. |
| USX Deep profile | Mixed control | Solstice USX is a managed synthetic dollar whose reserves and basis strategies sit under protocol and custody control; redemption and direct access are subject to Solstice operations and terms. |
| TUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Techteryx controls TUSD issuance, redemption, contract replacement, fork selection, and freezes; only verified customers have access to the primary redemption channel. |
| pUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Polymarket pUSD is an administrator-pausable Polygon wrapper around bridged USDC, so it inherits both Polymarket on/off-ramp control and Circle and bridge control over the backing asset. |
| rwaUSDi Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Multipli controls collateral eligibility, haircuts, mint limits, liquidity classes, and redemption routing for a token backed by structurally illiquid private-market assets. |
| USDtb Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Ethena controls an upgradeable USDtb token whose administrator can change transfer state, blacklist addresses, and forcibly redistribute balances; BUIDL and USDC supply the backing. |
| FDUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | FD121 (BVI) Limited issues FDUSD and First Digital Trust custodies segregated reserves; direct minting and redemption require approved professional counterparties and exclude U.S. persons. |
| GUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Gate controls this exchange-issued, yield-bearing asset and its 1:1 conversion into USDT, USDC, or USD1; backing and exit depend on Gate accounts, selected RWAs, and exchange operations. |
| SOFID Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | SoFi Bank, N.A. issues and redeems SOFID and controls its high-quality liquid reserve; the token is expressly not a bank deposit or FDIC-insured. |
| apxUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Apyx and its custody partners manage off-chain preferred-share collateral; only whitelisted participants can mint or redeem, while other holders depend on secondary liquidity. |
| M Deep profile | Mixed control | M0 separates an immutable on-chain token from off-chain collateral, approved minters, validators, and governance-set collateral rules; no single conventional issuer owns the whole stack. |
| AUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Agora controls AUSD minting, burning, upgrades, and asset freezing; its reserve fund holds cash, short-term Treasuries, and overnight repo instruments. |
| BUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | This profile covers Binance-Peg BUSD, a Binance-administered BNB Chain wrapper whose value and exit depend on Binance custody and its published backing address, not the retired Paxos token alone. |
| HUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | HUSD is a legacy Stable Universal-issued token with no current dependable primary issuance or redemption channel; the surviving on-chain supply remains an issuer claim, not autonomous dollars. |
| reUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Re Protocol controls a yield-accruing token backed through custody wallets, trust accounts, and reinsurance-capital structures; KYC and actuarial liquidity limits govern primary exit. |
| USAT Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Anchorage Digital Bank issues and redeems USAT for bank clients, administers a segregated reserve trust, and may delay, restrict, or refuse transactions for law, risk, or operations. |
| USDai Deep profile | Mixed control | USD.AI uses on-chain redemption logic and liquid stablecoin buffers, but the broader system depends on M0 backing, protocol governance, and infrastructure-credit assets with periodic liquidity. |
| FLEXUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | flexUSD is a legacy CoinFLEX liability whose issuer halted withdrawals during its 2022 insolvency; an outstanding token balance is not a functioning par-redemption claim. |
| FRAX Deep profile | Mixed control | Legacy FRAX is a governance-managed stablecoin with mixed on-chain and centralized collateral; it is a separate balance sheet from the current reserve-backed frxUSD product. |
| satUSD Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | River satUSD is redeemable against the least-collateralized borrower positions when system collateral exceeds its threshold; governance, oracles, bridges, and collateral quality remain material. |
| MUST Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | Mustang MUST is a Liquity V2-style, crypto-collateralized debt token without a conventional issuer blocklist, but a disclosed 2-of-3 governance Safe controls protocol parameters. |
| USDA Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | Avalon USDa is minted as overcollateralized debt against approved crypto collateral; governance, custody routes, price oracles, and cross-chain deployments still control the system around it. |
| avUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Avant avUSD is a protocol-issued receipt backed 1:1 by freezable USDC; redemption can take up to seven days and bridged versions add Chainlink CCIP control. |
| CASH Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Bridge issues CASH with Phantom branding, manages the dollar reserve and redemption framework, and retains the compliance and contract powers of a centrally administered payment stablecoin. |
| MOVEUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | CFX Labs issues MoveUSD for approved commercial and institutional users; dollar deposits sit in a bank beneficiary account and primary redemption runs through CFX. |
| USDF Deep profile | Mixed control | Astherus USDF combines USDT with centrally managed delta-neutral positions and delayed redemption, inheriting Tether freeze risk plus venue, custody, and operator control. |
| USDV Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Valtorum permission-controls who may hold, transfer, mint, or redeem USDV and manages its reserve, even though its published token design omits a unilateral freeze or clawback function. |
| DOLA Deep profile | Governed, no freeze | DOLA is debt-backed through FiRM collateral and a USDS peg module; its immutable token has no blocklist, while DAO governance and operational multisigs control minting Feds and risk parameters. |
| UUSD Deep profile | Issuer can freeze | Anything Labs controls an upgradeable UUSD contract with minter, account-freeze, and global-pause roles; direct minting and redemption are limited to institutional OTC access. |